OAUSA Net - April 28, 2016 Water
Posted: Tue Apr 26, 2016 10:20 am
Safe drinking water is essential to human life. We use it for all kinds of things. Tonight we plan to discuss use, transport, purifications, and finding water in the outdoors.
some facts
Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface.
96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans,
1.7% in groundwater,
1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland,
a small fraction in other large water bodies,
and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation.
Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater.
Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere,
and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.[2 - Source Wikipedia
Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea. Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land.
The boiling point of water (and all other liquids) is dependent on the ambient pressure. For example, on the top of Mount Everest water boils at 68 °C (154 °F), compared to 100 °C (212 °F) at sea level at a similar latitude (since latitude modifies atmospheric pressure slightly).
Most known pure substances become more dense as they cool, however water becomes less dense when it is cooled to its solid form, ice.
Water is the only substance occurring naturally in all three phases as solid, liquid, and gas on Earth's surface as a result Transfers of heat between ocean and atmosphere by phase change
How much water does a Hurricane Pick up?
The process by which a hurricane "picks up" water over the ocean is called evaporation. That is, heating by the sun makes saltwater warm enough that molecules of water leave the liquid state and become water vapor in the atmosphere. So the water in a hurricane is "fresh" water.
Evaporation of water at the sea surface is enhanced by a hurricane’s surface winds, which transport water vapor into the troposphere.
Even a relatively benign category 1 hurricane, like Isaac (2012), can cover a huge area; I've seen estimates of 108 billion pounds of fresh water which would come to roughly 13 billion gallons. that could be a bit on the low side. A solid hurricane can have tropical storm force winds (and presumably rainfall) extend well over a hundred miles from the eye; 4" of rain from a hurricane would be a reasonable minimum for the area being covered. Simple math, then, gives us 4" x 100 mi. radius (squared) x 3.14 (pi)... (okay, converting to metric for ease): .1m * 160,000m * 160,000m * 3.14 = 8,038,400,000 -- and that's in cubic meters, which, since we're roughing this, comes to about 8 billion tons in both metric and English. Or two trillion gallons. -source wiki
some facts
Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface.
96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans,
1.7% in groundwater,
1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland,
a small fraction in other large water bodies,
and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation.
Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater.
Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere,
and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.[2 - Source Wikipedia
Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea. Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land.
The boiling point of water (and all other liquids) is dependent on the ambient pressure. For example, on the top of Mount Everest water boils at 68 °C (154 °F), compared to 100 °C (212 °F) at sea level at a similar latitude (since latitude modifies atmospheric pressure slightly).
Most known pure substances become more dense as they cool, however water becomes less dense when it is cooled to its solid form, ice.
Water is the only substance occurring naturally in all three phases as solid, liquid, and gas on Earth's surface as a result Transfers of heat between ocean and atmosphere by phase change
How much water does a Hurricane Pick up?
The process by which a hurricane "picks up" water over the ocean is called evaporation. That is, heating by the sun makes saltwater warm enough that molecules of water leave the liquid state and become water vapor in the atmosphere. So the water in a hurricane is "fresh" water.
Evaporation of water at the sea surface is enhanced by a hurricane’s surface winds, which transport water vapor into the troposphere.
Even a relatively benign category 1 hurricane, like Isaac (2012), can cover a huge area; I've seen estimates of 108 billion pounds of fresh water which would come to roughly 13 billion gallons. that could be a bit on the low side. A solid hurricane can have tropical storm force winds (and presumably rainfall) extend well over a hundred miles from the eye; 4" of rain from a hurricane would be a reasonable minimum for the area being covered. Simple math, then, gives us 4" x 100 mi. radius (squared) x 3.14 (pi)... (okay, converting to metric for ease): .1m * 160,000m * 160,000m * 3.14 = 8,038,400,000 -- and that's in cubic meters, which, since we're roughing this, comes to about 8 billion tons in both metric and English. Or two trillion gallons. -source wiki